<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>CEREDIAR</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.cerediar.info</link>
	<description>CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DIFFUSION ARCHEOLOGIQUE</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 23:38:43 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.8.4</generator>
	<language>en</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
			<item>
		<title>Epistemology of Truth in Archaeology</title>
		<link>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/11/epistemology-of-truth-in-archaeology/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/11/epistemology-of-truth-in-archaeology/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 23:38:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erlosan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cerediar.info/index.php/2009/11/epistemology-of-truth-in-archaeology/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[PARTICIPATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL FRENCH ORGANIZATION
CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DIFFUSION ARCHEOLOGIQUE
ONG CEREDIAR ORG
cerediar.org@aliceadsl.fr
FAIR ARCHÆOLOGY
THEORETICAL ARCHÆLOGY GROUP &#8211; TAG 2009
31 st ANNUAL MEETING
•
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHÆLOGY
DURHAM UNIVERSITY
EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE TRUTH IN ARCHAEOLOGY
By
Dr Ernest-Emile
LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL
Permanent Member of the
« Societe des Americanistes au Siège du Musée de l&#8217;Homme à Paris ».
Member of Society  for American Archaeology of Washington [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>PARTICIPATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL FRENCH ORGANIZATION<br />
CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DIFFUSION ARCHEOLOGIQUE<br />
ONG CEREDIAR ORG<br />
cerediar.org@aliceadsl.fr</p>
<p>FAIR ARCHÆOLOGY<br />
THEORETICAL ARCHÆLOGY GROUP &#8211; TAG 2009<br />
31 st ANNUAL MEETING<br />
•<br />
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHÆLOGY<br />
DURHAM UNIVERSITY</p>
<p>EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE TRUTH IN ARCHAEOLOGY<br />
By<br />
Dr Ernest-Emile<br />
LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL<br />
Permanent Member of the<br />
« Societe des Americanistes au Siège du Musée de l&#8217;Homme à Paris ».<br />
Member of Society  for American Archaeology of Washington DC.<br />
President of Ong Cerediar Org<br />
President of the « Société International d’Archéologie Sociale »</p>
<p>And</p>
<p>Lic Adriana Noemí<br />
SALVINO<br />
Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires<br />
Scientific Assistant Director of Ong Cerdiar Org<br />
Permanent Member of the « Société International d’Archéologie Sociale »</p>
<p>	In our presentation at the Seminar of the Social Archaeology ENAH and 53 International Congress of Americanists, we agreed that:<br />
	&#8220;Archaeology is a social science; therefore these activities pose a different alternative to the traditional archaeology. A social Archaeology that considers that the theory is put into practice and that archaeologists aren’t divorced from the local reality but they are social actors, the result of the confrontation between the world of ideas or theories and the remains of prehistoric reality. &#8221;<br />
	In the epistemology of the truth or the doctrine of the fundamentals and methods of scientific knowledge we can agree with José Ingenieros that it’s not entirely true conceiving the existence of absolute universal or eternal truths in reality or in the abstract reasoning as in the human experience, formed on the basis of an evolving universe, becomes steadily relative truths.<br />
	With the advent of postmodernism and its resulting posprocesual archaeology, it became clear that the subjectivity of the researcher intervened in the interpretation of the past. It was further noted that the dualities that have been based on Cartesian Western scientific thought, were part of a cognitive mechanism that has characterized our society, but not to those societies that we study through archaeology.<br />
	Archaeology therefore doesn’t discover &#8220;truths”, it doesn’t reveal the past, but works with what is left of it.<br />
●<br />
I°</p>
<p>	In occasion of the Social Archaeology Seminar, conducted jointly in the ENAH and at the Universidad Iberoamericana, the occasion of the 53rd International Congress of Americanists in Mexico realized in July 2009, two opposite  formulations were clear to define archaeological science:</p>
<p>	1. On the one hand the traditional formulation of culturalism who think that our work is &#8220;descriptive&#8221; of the &#8220;evolution&#8221; of cultures which haven’t left written record and thus providing end its work, exposing it. It does not seek to explain because it believes that there is nothing to explain</p>
<p>	Hence its mission culminates in a showcase of a museum to illustrate the social classes that have idle time to illustration.</p>
<p>	2. On the other hand the formulation is from historical materialism, who believes that archeology is to study the historical journey of a people through its existence, to find explanations for the processes of social change and development of human groups in their historical perspective.</p>
<p>	Thus, while social science can not oppose the reality of this and that, while seeking such explanations on the historic journey of men, must commit to become useful tools for change               </p>
<p>                                                                   II°<br />
	The question before us is an analysis of the epistemology of truth in archaeological science, from the moment it becomes necessary to finally establish the criteria that lead to valid scientific knowledge, ie, objective and therefore &#8220;verifiable&#8221;.</p>
<p>	It is Mario Bunge who after analyzing the concept of science through history, starting from Aristotle (considered intuition as capable of reaching the first premises and a source of scientific knowledge) then following with Bergson, Husserl and finally Descartes (who claimed the existence of clear principles that should not be subjected to any test), tells us that the observation and analysis are not sufficient to verify a statement since they are propositions, not facts which are true or false and can not therefore be verified.</p>
<p>	According to Bunge, when a verifiable statement has some degree of generality is usually called a scientific hypothesis,  because it can be verified only indirectly, ie through the consideration of their consequences. For him a hypothesis is a conjecture that once proven will become a scientific truth.</p>
<p>	Bunge opens a door to speculation when he argues that there was a scientific method in the Cartesian sense, with a certain set of rules that can lead to broad truths</p>
<p>	Based on the consideration that archeology is a social science and that the archaeologist is responsible for interpreting the material remains found, but that he also belongs to a culture, and is part of cultural matrices, and that both have acquired the understandings, and skills, we agree with Elias and Harris saying that the researcher is both subject and object. In the social sciences explores relationships, man meets himself and others. It is possible addressing the same reality from different lights.</p>
<p>	In the world archaeological thought before the 60s prevailed  an empiricist position that  considered that the objects or archaeological contexts were possessors of explicit information and the researcher&#8217;s role was merely that of mediator between the underlying truth and scientific truth.</p>
<p>	We reached the point of distinguishing different conceptions of truth,  according to the aforementioned Mario Bunge different criteria can be found throughout history to finally associate to scientific knowledge : &#8220;What is accepted only by choice or by officials or seem obvious or convenience, is only belief or opinion, but it is not scientific knowledge.&#8221; He claims that scientific knowledge is &#8220;sometimes unpleasant, often contradicts the classics (especially if it is new), sometimes torture common sense and humiliates intuition finally may be suitable for some and not others&#8221; . What characterizes it is its verifiability: it is always capable of being verified (confirmed or disconfirmed).</p>
<p>	Following his reasoning, he argues that the veracity of scientific knowledge is a goal, and and not to characterize so clear as the mode or method by which scientific research poses problems and tests the proposed solutions.</p>
<p>	A fact is considered true to some extent, if it can be confirmed in a consistent manner with the canons of scientific method.  For a piece of knowledge is considered scientific, it.is not enough to be true.</p>
<p>	We know how we got to know or presume that the statement in question is true: we must be able to list the operations, empirical or rational, which is verifiable in an objective, at least in principle.</p>
<p>	To verify a statement &#8211; &#8216;because the propositions and not the facts are true and false and can be verified &#8220;- we must confront them with other statements. The formal verification of statements includes only rational operations, while the propositions that communicate information about the nature or society are to be tested by some empirical procedures such as counting or measuring. For while knowledge of the facts does not come from pure experience (being the theory an indispensable component of the collection of factual information) there is no other way to verify our suspicions that draw on the expertise, both passive and active. </p>
<p>	There are no infallible rules that guarantee in advance the discovery of new facts and inventing new theories thereby ensuring the fruitfulness of scientific research: certainty to be found only in the formal sciences. The scientific method is the compass by which we can estimate if you are on a promising track. Do not produce automatically knowledge, but we avoid loss in the apparent chaos of phenomena.</p>
<p>	Bunge is a not dialectical empiricist, despite their good intentions on  non-speculative scientific level.</p>
<p>	The first aspect of knowledge is the logical Marxist dialectic, which is the apprehension of the dialectic of being.</p>
<p>	It is to follow the actual movement in its contradictions. This is diametrically opposed to formal logic. For formal logic, A is A and nothing more than A. For dialectical logic A is A and not A. Being is and is not.</p>
<p>	Each object is its denial, the principle of self motion. Therefore, it is very difficult if not impossible to formalize, establish mathematical equations. At all times our investigations are contradictory situations </p>
<p>	The artisan is a domestic producer whose goal is to produce consumption values, but is also a potential capitalist: in their work holds the possibility of denying the producer of consuption values, to refuse to himself as artisan to become capitalist.</p>
<p>	The asymmetric exchange of pre-capitalist societies, to the extent that it is against the law of market value, denies the exchange because it allows the appropriation of value and constitutes a form of alienation in circulation process. Consequently, trade is and is not, is affirmed and denied.</p>
<p>	But also, the scientific work is to penetrate always the ways in which the facts are presented,  is to trascend their  phenomenal presentation.</p>
<p>	For example, the wage relationship between capitalist and worker is formally a relation of exchange performed by two free subjects. Buy and sell one another. But if it crosses this way content is reached, the essence: in that market relationship work is unpaid, there is generation of surplus.</p>
<p>	In capitalism, the profit seems to originate in the capital. Only if we ask ourselves what is the capital (or as Bertold Brecht asked who made the house, desk or car) we know that the capital gain does not arise, that the world did not capital, but the gain and the capitalist world it did work.</p>
<p>	The capitalist state is presented as a neutral body above classes, as a technical objective arbitrator. This is based on the materiality of the state itself: is not constituted by the ruling class but by a specific segment, the bureaucracy, without being dominant class reproduces the political conditions for the reproduction of the ruling class.</p>
<p>	Therefore, both in economic and in political relations is beyond the forms, get to the core, to the foundations of social functioning.</p>
<p>	This is critical knowledge is to know what lies behind the appearances of external forms. The Marxist critique is this, is radical critique, absolute, is absolutely criticize, uncompromising, not yell or protest (there are many who cry) it reveals the secret that lies behind the apparent.</p>
<p>	It is discovering the real movement behind the movement apparential. To take a simple example: the sun rises every morning in the east and sets in the west: only discover scientific knowledge of the movement visible behind the actual movement is not evident. When that is discovered and the land is off-center of the universe, God falters.</p>
<p>	The method to reach this discovery is starting from that sensitive daily movement, follow the movement, as they perceive, and from an abstract process, reaching the discovery of underlying real movement.</p>
<p>                                                                III°</p>
<p>	Here, we arrived at the key point: where is the truth when we do archaeological science?</p>
<p>	Note first that we are faced with two ways of approaching the archaeological science: on one hand those who understand it as an &#8220;evolution to display&#8221; and we that believe that it is the study of a &#8220;historical process&#8221;.</p>
<p>	This means that we have on the one hand an archeology class of  Aristotelian methodological base where the Principle of Identity becomes something sacred, which is expository and does nothing ever seeking information and explanations as it considers that there is nothing to explain or change .</p>
<p>	So for Willey all that is the same color comes necessarily from the same manufacturer (Horizons) because &#8220;their&#8221; truth is in the superstructure. It is an archeology that first establishes the truth of the object to then develop a new theory.</p>
<p>	On the other hand we have a scientific archeology that is a science that studies the historical journey of people to find explanations for the processes of social change and development of peoples in historical perspective.</p>
<p>	When archeology merely serves only to collect &#8220;information&#8221;, is positioned to serve the status quo and immobility, because their view, what we call &#8220;history&#8221; is the realization of human idea and not the reverse.</p>
<p>	The true heritage  of a nation is its traditional route and not the objects left by their predecessors. The objects are useful to us, archaeologists, to understand the mode of production of material life, but out of context these objects become something invalid. </p>
<p>	The confusion may be &#8220;politically correct&#8221; but it certainly is &#8220;scientifically wrong&#8221;.</p>
<p>	So our truth in archaeological science lies not in the found object and then place it in a theory, but in the method chosen for the job, that starting from a theory will use the object to establish the knowledge of a situation in which we are engaged and we should not be alien.</p>
<p>	Consider a real example of the difference between going to the theory of the object against the principle of going from theory to evidence:</p>
<p>	For 30 years the University of Chicago through the mouth of the holder of the chair Alan Kolata said that Tiwanaku fell in 1187 by an &#8220;ecological collapse&#8221;.</p>
<p>	It is not clear what &#8220;ecological collapse&#8221; means in an empire of more than 600,000 km2 with different ecological production, but if it is true that elements are presented that suggest some localized economic crisis around the capital, today archaeological site, heritage of mankind. We ourselves have found pottery from the Late horizon that presents evidence of cooking failures, ie there was not enough wood to fuel the furnaces. Still other studies and understood Ostrom, establish that the Titicaca Lake is stable since the Holocene.</p>
<p>	Behold, Kolata goes &#8220;the object to the theory&#8221;  and the theory is obviously false because the object is always considered in isolation and out of context.</p>
<p>	When we work in Tiawanaku we start to reverse: we did it «from theory to evidence».  We contend that no empire, and much less one of multilingual and ecological magnitude as Tiwanaku, with 3000 years of material production in tow, falls by an alleged &#8220;collapse&#8221; (on the other side missing), but by the depletion of its political model.</p>
<p>	And our theory, our &#8220;theoretical framework&#8221; was so true, that very easily we could obtain the evidence that Tiwanaku fell by revolts of the ethnic groups subjeted, and its capital besieged by thirst (irrigation channels blocked) first buried their gods and then surrendered. (Our jobs 2001 to 2004 in Bolivia).</p>
<p>	For all these reasons, we believe that it is our archaeological science the right the tool for &#8220;building bridges&#8221; as stated in the name of this Symposium. Bridges allow us through knowledge of the past, interpret the present and be able to propose alternatives to address these situations, leading to improve living standards while respecting their ancient traditions. As an example of this, we can cite some of the actions undertaken by our NGO, Centre de Recherche et Diffusion Archéologique (ong CEREDIAR), both Latin America and in Africa.</p>
<p>	In the emergency rescue sites Miraflores and San Blas in Bolivia, have signed agreements with the National University of Tarija Juan Miguel Saracho and prefectural  institutions Bolivian, to resume the use of « stevia » forming a production cooperative.</p>
<p>	The Columbian irrigation channels are put in relief, not only for study, but also to provide free water to the indigenous people, avoiding the use of the water meters of multinational corporations, wiha are payments.</p>
<p>	In African studies, the group reviews the Soninke and Mande neolithization, while modernizing the peripheral clinic Kaedi in Mauritania, as the Peulh ethnic group is the current heir to that neolithization.</p>
<p>	And not to dwell more on NGO Cerediar archaeological practice during the past decade, we mention only the signature of an agreement with the National University of Bamako to prospect the neolithization of the sources of the river Senegal while agree with  Malian NGOs the modernization of agricultural structures, health and education and programs for inserting and dignity at work of women in civil society</p>
<p>	With this, &#8220;We build Bridges&#8221; instead of &#8221; Deepening Gaps&#8221;.</p>
<p>●</p>
<p>Basic Bibliography</p>
<p>ALMUDENA Hernando Gonzalo<br />
2006  Comentario a Arqueología Simétrica</p>
<p>BASULTO Beatraiz  Rodiguez<br />
2007  ¿Dónde la realidad ? ¿Dónde el discurso ?<br />
          Gabinete de Arqueología OHCH, Cuba</p>
<p>BATE Luis Felipe<br />
1996  El proceso de ivestigación en Arqueología<br />
          Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología<br />
          Universidad de SEvilla	</p>
<p>BERENJENO Enrique Luís Domingo<br />
1997  La verdad inexistente: Arqueología y Reflexión Filosófica</p>
<p>BUNGE Mario<br />
2001  La science, se méthode et sa philosophie<br />
          Ed Vigdor</p>
<p>IBAÑEZ Eduardo Alejandro<br />
          Relativismo y verdad en la cultura filosófica y científica contemporánea</p>
<p>LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL Ernest-Emile<br />
2004  Tiwanaku: Protocolo de Investigación sobre el Altiplano Boliviano<br />
          Ong Cerediar &#8211; Circulo Amerindiano Università di Perugia<br />
2007   Archéologie et Pseudo-Archéologie<br />
           AFIS Association Française pour l&#8217;Information Scientifique</p>
<p>LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL Ernest-Emile and Adriana Noemi SALVINO<br />
2009  De la Teoría a la Praxis, o como construir lo propio en un mundo globalizado<br />
          partiendo de la Arqueología Social<br />
          53 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas &#8211; Mexico </p>
<p>MARTINEZ Victor M.Fernandez<br />
  2005 The conflict between  &#8220;truth&#8221; and &#8220;value&#8221;</p>
<p>●</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/11/epistemology-of-truth-in-archaeology/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE TRUTH IN ARCHAEOLOGY</title>
		<link>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/09/epistemology-of-the-truth-in-archaeology/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/09/epistemology-of-the-truth-in-archaeology/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2009 11:06:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erlosan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General @ca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ARCHAEOLOGY]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cerediar.info/?p=34</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[PARTICIPATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL FRENCH
ORGANIZATION
CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DIFFUSION ARCHEOLOGIQUE
ONG CEREDIAR ORG
cerediar.org@aliceadsl.fr
FAIR ARCHÆOLOGY
THEORETICAL ARCHÆLOGY GROUP &#8211; TAG 2009
31 st ANNUAL MEETING 
•
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHÆLOGY
DURHAM UNIVERSITY
EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE TRUTH IN ARCHAEOLOGY
By 
Dr Ernest-Emile
LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL
Permanent Member of the « Societe
des Americanistes au Siège du Musée de l&#8217;Homme à Paris ». 
Member of Society for American Archaeology of Washington DC.
President [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p lang="fr-FR" align="center">PARTICIPATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL FRENCH<br />
ORGANIZATION</p>
<p lang="fr-FR" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DIFFUSION ARCHEOLOGIQUE</strong></span></span></p>
<p lang="fr-FR" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>ONG CEREDIAR ORG</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%" align="center"><a href="mailto:cerediar.org@aliceadsl.fr"><span style="text-decoration: none"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="fr-FR"><em>cerediar.org@aliceadsl.fr</em></span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><strong>FAIR ARCHÆOLOGY</strong></span></p>
<p lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>THEORETICAL ARCHÆLOGY GROUP &#8211; TAG 2009</strong></span></span></p>
<p lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>31 st ANNUAL MEETING </strong></span></span></p>
<p align="center">•</p>
<p lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>DEPARTMENT OF ARCHÆLOGY</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%" lang="es-ES" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>DURHAM UNIVERSITY</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%" align="center"><strong><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span lang="en-GB">EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE TRUTH IN ARCHAEOLOGY</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%" align="center"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="es-ES">By </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;" lang="fr-FR" align="center">Dr Ernest-Emile</p>
<p style="text-align: center;" lang="fr-FR">LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL</p>
<h2 lang="fr-FR"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Permanent Member of the « Societe<br />
des Americanistes au Siège du Musée de l&#8217;Homme à Paris ». </strong></span></span></h2>
<h2 lang="fr-FR"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Member of Society for American Archaeology of Washington DC.</strong></span></span></h2>
<h2 lang="fr-FR"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>President of Ong Cerediar Org</strong></span></span></h2>
<h2 lang="fr-FR"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>President of the « Société d’Archéologie<br />
Sociale »</strong></span></span></h2>
<h2 lang="fr-FR"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>And</strong></span></span></h2>
<p style="text-align: center;" lang="fr-FR">Lic. Adriana Noemí</p>
<p style="text-align: center;" lang="fr-FR">SALVINO</p>
<h2 lang="fr-FR"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires</strong></span></span></h2>
<h2 lang="fr-FR"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Scientific Assistant Director of Ong Cerdiar Org</strong></span></span></h2>
<h2 lang="fr-FR"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Permanent Member of the « Société d’Archéologie<br />
Sociale »</strong></span></span></h2>
<h2>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-GB">In our presentation at the Seminar of the Social Archaeology ENAH and 53<br />
International Congress of Americanists, we agreed that:</span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p align="justify"><strong><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-GB">&#8220;Archaeology is a social science; therefore these activities pose a different alternative to the traditional archaeology. A social Archaeology that consider that the theory is put into practice and that archaeologists<br />
aren’t divorced from the local reality but they are social actors, the result of the confrontation between the world of ideas or theories and the remains of prehistoric reality. &#8220;</span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p align="justify"><strong><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-GB">In the epistemology of the truth or the doctrine of the fundamentals and<br />
methods of scientific knowledge we can agree with José Ingenieros that it’s not entirely true conceiving the existence of absolute universal or eternal truths in reality or in the abstract reasoning as in the human experience, formed on the basis of an evolving universe, becomes steadily relative truths.</span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p align="justify"><strong><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-GB">With the advent of postmodernism and its resulting posprocesual archaeology, it became clear that the subjectivity of the researcher intervened in the interpretation of the past. It was further noted that the dualities that have been based on Cartesian Western scientific thought, were part of a cognitive mechanism that has characterized our society, but not to those societies that we study through archaeology.</span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p align="justify"><strong><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-GB">Archaeology therefore doesn’t discover &#8220;truths”, it doesn’t reveal the past, but works with what is left of it.</span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"> </p>
</h2>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/09/epistemology-of-the-truth-in-archaeology/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Programa</title>
		<link>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/07/programa/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/07/programa/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2009 21:47:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erlosan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Conferencia]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cerediar.info/?p=32</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[





LUNES 20 DE JULIO


MARTES 21 DE JULIO




Auditorio   “Javier Romero”
10:00 a.m. a 2:00 p.m.


Auditorio   “Román Piña Chan”
10:00 a.m. a 2:00 p.m.




HOMENAJE A   THOMAS PATTERSON
Rodrigo Navarrete
 
La unidad doméstica   y la residencia del pasado: consideraciones teórico-metodológicas desde los   andes centrales (Lectura de ponencia)
Arturo Juan Noel Espinoza
Instituto Cultural [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><!--[if !mso]><br />
<mce:style><!<br />
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}<br />
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}<br />
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}<br />
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}<br />
--><!--[endif]--></p>
<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>ES-PE</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"   DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"   LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><br />
<mce:style><!<br />
/* Style Definitions */<br />
table.MsoNormalTable<br />
{mso-style-name:"Tabla normal";<br />
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;<br />
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;<br />
mso-style-noshow:yes;<br />
mso-style-priority:99;<br />
mso-style-qformat:yes;<br />
mso-style-parent:"";<br />
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;<br />
mso-para-margin:0cm;<br />
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;<br />
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br />
font-size:11.0pt;<br />
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";<br />
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br />
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br />
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br />
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;<br />
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br />
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br />
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br />
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />
--><!--[endif]--></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">LUNES 20 DE JULIO</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">MARTES 21 DE JULIO</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Auditorio   “Javier Romero”</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">10:00 a.m.<span> </span>a 2:00 p.m.</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Auditorio   “Román Piña Chan”</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">10:00 a.m.<span> </span>a 2:00 p.m.</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">HOMENAJE A   THOMAS PATTERSON</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Rodrigo Navarrete</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">La unidad doméstica   y la residencia del pasado: consideraciones teórico-metodológicas desde los   andes centrales (Lectura de ponencia)</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Arturo Juan Noel Espinoza</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Instituto Cultural RVNA (Perú)<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Un acercamiento al   poblamiento del territorio mexicano desde la región de la alta montaña   veracruzana</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Paris Alejandro Ferrand Alcaraz</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Universidad Veracruzana (México)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Signos en   contradicción: cultura material y diferenciación social en una sociedad   compleja de los llanos occidentales de Venezuela (Lectura de ponencia)</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Rafael Gassón<br />
Juan Carlos Vargas</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Instituto   venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (Venezuela)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">La arqueología   social latinoamericana, entre el hacer y el decir (Lectura de ponencia)</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Daniel Torres Etayo</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Centro Nacional de Conservación,   Restauración y Museología (Cuba)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Ética critica de la arqueología y práctica   política académica del arqueólogo, un momento de subsunción coherente   (Lectura de ponencia)</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Raúl Francisco González Quezada</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Instituto de Investigaciones   Antropológicas-UNAM (México)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Hacia una   arqueología social para el desarrollo: la arqueología latinoamericana desde   un contexto político y tecnoeconómico periférico</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Miguel Aguilar</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Universidad de los Andes (Colombia/Perú)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">El Patrimonio Cultural Peruano en el   Neoliberalismo: un acercamiento desde la Arqueología Social (Lectura de   ponencia)</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Ricardo Chirinos Portocarrero</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Nilton Ríos Palomino</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Instituto   Cultural RVNA (Perú)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">RECESO</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">RECESO</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Auditorio   “Javier Romero”</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">5:00 p.m.<span> </span>a 9:00 p.m.</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Auditorio “Roman Piña Chan”</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">5:00 p.m.<span> </span>a 9:00 p.m.</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">La revuelta de los   objetos: hacia una epistemología materialista histórica (Lectura de ponencia)</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-weight: normal;">Henry Tantaleán</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona/ CENFOTUR   (España/Perú)<strong><span style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">“How can I burry my loved one” (“Como puedo enterrar a mi amado”).</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-weight: normal;">Talia Shay</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Ariel University Center of Samaria (Israel)<strong></strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">La dignidad del   pasado: sobre la construcción de las realidades a través de la arqueología   (Lectura de ponencia)</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><span> </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Diego Vásquez   Monterroso</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Universidad del Valle de Guatemala<br />
Revista electrónica Kab’raqän (Guatemala)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Cuestión   étnico-nacional y arqueología social latinoamericana: vías de praxis para la   arqueología</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Lidia Iris Rodríguez Rodríguez<br />
Omar Olivo del Olmo</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia   (México)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Arqueología,   monumentos y comunidades en la Biosfera Lauca</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Daniella Jofré Poblete</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">University of Toronto (Canadá)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Así   habló Tepoztecatl. Ideología, ritual, crisis y autonomía en el   pueblo Indígena de San Juan Tlacotenco, de Morelos.</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Juan José Guerrero </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Escuela Nacional de   Antropología e Historia (México)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Arqueología y   reivindicaciones sociales: integrando colectivos para la defensa de los   pueblos y comunidades de América latina (Lectura de ponencia)</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Manuel Aguirre-Morales</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Instituto Peruano de Astronomía y Ciencias   de la Tierra/Frente de Defensa de Chilca (Perú)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.18%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">MIERCOLES 22 DE   JULIO</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.82%;" rowspan="6" width="49%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt -5.4pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype    id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"    path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter" /> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0" /> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0" /> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1" /> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2" /> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth" /> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight" /> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1" /> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2" /> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth" /> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0" /> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight" /> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0" /> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" /> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t" /> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:248.25pt;    height:190.5pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Thomas\CONFIG~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" mce_src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Thomas\CONFIG~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"     o:title="cartelArqSoc4[1]" /> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Thomas/CONFIG~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="318" height="244" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-size: 36pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 30pt;">“ARQUEOLOGÍA SOCIAL LATINOAMERICANA. DE LA TEORÍA A   LA PRAXIS”</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 28pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ México <span> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ Venezuela </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ Cuba <span> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ Perú </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ Chile <span> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ Guatemala </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ España <span> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ Francia </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ Israel <span> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22pt;">+ Canadá </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Del 20 al 22 de julio de 2009</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.18%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Sala de   consejos</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">10:00 a.m.<span> </span>a 2:00 p.m.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.18%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">La construcción de   lo propio en un mundo globalizado (Lectura de ponencia</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-weight: normal;"> por Erika Salas Cassy</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">)</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Ernest-Emile Lopez-   Sanson de Longval</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-weight: normal;">Adriana Salvino</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-weight: normal;">Centre de Recherche et Diffusion Archéologique </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">(Francia)</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Trabajo y Prácticas Sociales:   Sociología Arqueológica de las Situaciones Históricas</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Pedro Castro Martínez</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Universidad   Autónoma de Barcelona. Grupo ACAIA (Cataluña, España).</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Mujeres y Arqueología: Concepción   Materialista de la Historia y Feminismo</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Trinidad Escoriza<strong> </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Universidad de   Almería. Grupo ABDERA (Andalucía, España).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Arqueología   Materialista Histórica en Chiapas: de la Agenda al Programa</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Colectivo del Área   de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana, IIA-UNAM. Coordinación: Guillermo Acosta (México)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Proyecto La Puntilla (Nasca, Ica,   Perú): Prácticas sociales y producción en la vida social en el valle de Nasca   (c. 1400 cal ANE-400 cal DNE).</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Pedro Castro Martínez<br />
Trinidad Escoriza</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Universidad   Autónoma de Barcelona. Grupo ACAIA (Cataluña, España).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Universidad de   Almería. Grupo ABDERA (Andalucía, España).</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.18%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">RECESO</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.18%;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Sala de   consejos</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">5:00 p.m.<span> </span>a 9:00 p.m.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 351.05pt;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.18%; height: 351.05pt;" width="50%" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Explicación:   “estructura oculta” o narración causal</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Manuel Gándara Vázquez </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia   (México)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Cultura como categoría en la Arqueología Social Latinoamericana: de   la negación política a la negación científica. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Apuntes   primarios.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Omar Olivo del Olmo<br />
Lidia Iris Rodríguez Rodríguez<span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia   (México)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">La   arqueología social latinoamericana y la socialización del conocimiento   histórico</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Gladys Gordones Rojas</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Museo Arqueológico   de la Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Aportes   teóricos y éticos políticos de la arqueología social latinoamericana: caso   venezolano</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"><br />
Lino Meneses Pacheco</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Museo Arqueológico   de la Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Apuntes   sobre Arqueología Social Latinoamericana</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Luis Felipe Bate</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia   (México)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">CLAUSURA</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/07/programa/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>53 CONGRÈS INTERNACIONAL D’AMERICANISTES</title>
		<link>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/05/53-congres-internacional-d%e2%80%99americanistes/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/05/53-congres-internacional-d%e2%80%99americanistes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2009 03:01:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erlosan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cerediar.info/?p=28</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[53 ICA (Catalan)  						53 ICA (Catalan)			Thomas Ramírez 						 			
    Publish at Scribd or explore others:            Books                  politica       [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a title="View 53 ICA (Catalan) on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/15118697/53-ICA-Catalan" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">53 ICA (Catalan)</a> <object codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" id="doc_23279168526598" name="doc_23279168526598" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" align="middle"	height="500" width="100%" rel="media:document" resource="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=15118697&#038;access_key=key-2nt1oy28t5yeky5fwahx&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode=" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/searchmonkey/media/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" ><param name="movie"	value="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=15118697&#038;access_key=key-2nt1oy28t5yeky5fwahx&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode="><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="play" value="true"><param name="loop" value="true"><param name="scale" value="showall"><param name="wmode" value="opaque"><param name="devicefont" value="false"><param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"><param name="menu" value="true"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="salign" value=""><embed src="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=15118697&#038;access_key=key-2nt1oy28t5yeky5fwahx&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode=" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" play="true" loop="true" scale="showall" wmode="opaque" devicefont="false" bgcolor="#ffffff" name="doc_23279168526598_object" menu="true" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" salign="" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" align="middle"  height="500" width="100%"></embed><span rel="media:thumbnail" href="http://i.scribd.com/public/images/uploaded/27765691/v4yBerY5O1p0GDAsp_thumbnail.jpeg"> 						<span property="media:title">53 ICA (Catalan)</span>			<span property="dc:creator">Thomas Ramírez</span> 						<span property="dc:type" content="Text"> 			</object>
<div style="margin: 6px auto 3px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;">    <a href="http://www.scribd.com/upload" style="text-decoration: underline;">Publish at Scribd</a> or <a href="http://www.scribd.com/browse" style="text-decoration: underline;">explore</a> others:            <a href="http://www.scribd.com/explore/Books/" style="text-decoration: underline;">Books</a>                  <a href="http://www.scribd.com/tag/politica" style="text-decoration: underline;">politica</a>              <a href="http://www.scribd.com/tag/socialism" style="text-decoration: underline;">socialism</a>      	</div>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/05/53-congres-internacional-d%e2%80%99americanistes/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>53 Congresso Internazionale di Americanisti Messico</title>
		<link>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/05/53-congresso-internazionale-di-americanisti-messico/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/05/53-congresso-internazionale-di-americanisti-messico/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2009 18:12:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erlosan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General @it]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cerediar.info/?p=22</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ONG   CEREDIAR ORG
CENTRO DI RICERCA E DIFFUSIONE ARCHEOLOGICA
Organizzazione non governativa
Associazione Legge 1901-Prefettura di Senna Saint-Denis n°W-93-100-4235
Sede:”Cottage 1”-97 Avenue Franklin-93250 Villemomble-Francia
Ufficio  omaine di Lacombe Cave- 46800 Saint-Matré-Francia
Cerediar.org@aliceadsl.fr
53 ICA- 53 Congresso Internazionale di Americanisti
Messico dal 19 al 24 luglio 2009-Messico
La costruzione di ciò che ci è proprio in un mondo globalizzato
Simposio di Archeologia Sociale
Partecipazione [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;">ONG   CEREDIAR ORG</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CENTRO DI RICERCA E DIFFUSIONE ARCHEOLOGICA</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Organizzazione non governativa</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Associazione Legge 1901-Prefettura di Senna Saint-Denis n°W-93-100-4235<br />
Sede:”Cottage 1”-97 Avenue Franklin-93250 Villemomble-Francia<br />
Ufficio <img src='http://www.cerediar.info/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> omaine di Lacombe Cave- 46800 Saint-Matré-Francia<br />
Cerediar.org@aliceadsl.fr</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">53 ICA- 53 Congresso Internazionale di Americanisti<br />
Messico dal 19 al 24 luglio 2009-Messico</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">La costruzione di ciò che ci è proprio in un mondo globalizzato<br />
Simposio di Archeologia Sociale</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Partecipazione dell’Organizzazione non governativa francese</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Centro di Ricerca e diffusione archeologica<br />
ONG CEREDIAR ORG</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">DALLA TEORIA ALLA PRASSI,<br />
O COME COSTRUIRE CIO’ CHE CI E’ PROPRIO<br />
IN UN MONDO GLOBALIZZATO<br />
PARTENDO DALL’ARCHEOLOGIA SOCIALE</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Dr Ernest Emile<br />
LOPEZ SANSON de LONGVAL<br />
Archeologo<br />
Membro della Società degli Americanisti nella sede del Museo de l’Homme a Parigi<br />
Membro della Society for American Archaelogy de Washington D.C.<br />
Presidente dell’ONG Cerediar Org</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Lic Adriana Noemi<br />
SALVINO<br />
Archeologo<br />
Università Nazionale di Buenos Aires<br />
Direttrice Scientifica Aggiunta dell’ONG Cerediar Org<br />
Direttrice dell’ONG Cerediar Argentina</p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><em>Il est tombé pour nous le rideau merveilleux,<br />
où du vrai monde erraient de fausses apparences.<br />
La science a vaincu l’imposture des yeux,<br />
l’homme a répudié les vaines espérances.<br />
“Sully Prud’homme, Poésies”</em></p>
<p>La scienza, il « conoscere » nel suo senso più ampio, è una conoscenza sistematizzata e, in senso più stretto,tutto il sapere considerato come oggettivo e, di conseguenza, verificabile.</p>
<p>Le concezioni metafisiche del mondo arcaico non sono state sempre formulate in un linguaggio teorico ma il simbolo e il rito esprimono, su piani differenti e con i modi che sono loro propri un sistema completo di affermazioni coerenti sulla realtà ultima delle cose, sistema che si può considerare come costituente una metafisica.</p>
<p>Il vero problema dell’archeologia sono gli archeologi e la loro personale interpretazione del proprio mestiere.<br />
Poiché nella scienza archeologica il loro lavoro è quello di trovare spiegazioni ai processi di sviluppo e di cambiamento sociale dei gruppi umani nella loro prospettiva storica. Cioè studiare il percorso di un popolo attraverso la sua esistenza.<br />
Salvo che, a differenza delle altre scienze, noi lo facciamo attraverso la ricerca, la classificazione e l’interpretazione dei resti materiali del passato.<br />
Ma ci sono archeologi che non condividono questa opinione. Pensano che il mostro mestiere si debba limitare ad esporre una “evoluzione” e, quando ne hanno ritrovato il filo, considerano finito il proprio lavoro e l’espongono nella vetrina di un museo per presentarlo alle classi sociali che hanno tempo libero per istruirsi.</p>
<p>Al contrario degli archeologi culturalisti , noi, archeologi sociali,pensiamo che l’archeologia , in quanto scienza sociale, non può essere opposta alla realtà del presente e che, mentre si ricercano spiegazioni sui percorsi storici degli uomini, ci si deve sforzare di renderli utili alla ricerca di un futuro migliore e fare delle proposte.</p>
<p>Ci sono dunque dei modi di interpretare la scienza archeologica:<br />
Una archeologia di classe ed elitaria, “espositiva”, che non ricerca altro che l’informazione e mai spiegazioni ,perché ritiene che non vi sia nulla da spiegare né da cambiare. Si tratta di una archeologia culturalista di base metodologica aristotelica , in cui il principio d’identità diviene sacro (per Willey, tutto ciò che ha il medesimo colore proviene dallo stesso fabbricante). Una archeologia che nega dunque la storia.<br />
E c’è un’archeologia scientifica questa, che noi chiamiamo “l’altra archeologia”, creata da Vere Gordon Childe all’Università di Londra agli inizi del XX secolo, ed innalzata allla categoria di Scuola da Guillermo Lumbreras dell’Università Majeure de San Marcos a Lima, poi nella “Reunion de Teotihuacan 1975:Hacia una Arqueologia Social”</p>
<p>La differenza non è soltanto metodologica ma ideologica.</p>
<p>Lenin aveva scritto che senza teorie rivoluzionarie non c’è movimento rivoluzionario. Egli potrebbe aver ben scritto che senza teorie scientifiche non c’è produzione di conoscenze scientifiche. La filosofia materialista- e non dimentichiamo ciò che già abbiamo detto circa l’archeologia sociale- è profondamente legata alla pratica scientifica.</p>
<p>Quando l’archeologia non serve che a raccogliere informazioni , si pone al servizio dello status quo e dell’immobilismo perché, a suo avviso, quello che chiamiamo “storia” è la realizzazione dell’idea umana e non l’inverso. Cioè che per lei l’immutabile diviene legge. Ma quando l’archeologia è uno strumento di ricerca del passato , lavoriamo su un divenire storico per arrivare a comprendere la nostra realtà attuale. E’ la dialettica al servizio dell’uomo.<br />
In Francia la situazione è particolarmente grave. A causa del programma di studi stabiliti da Gérome Carcopino quando era Ministro dell’Educazione Nazionale sotto il regime del Maresciallo Pétain, l’archeologia del nostro Paese ha avuto un grande ritardo rispetto alle altre scienze e oggi noi parliamo di “patrimonio e archeologia”.</p>
<p>Ma quale patrimonio? La Tène II, il Germanico Orientale dei Visigoti o quelle quattro pietre che restano del Castello del Conte Robert? Il vero patrimonio di una nazione è il suo percorso storico e non gli oggetti lasciati dai nostri predecessori. Gli oggetti servono, a noi archeologi, per comprendere il modo di produzione della vita materiale ma fuori del loro contesto questi oggetti sono nudi.</p>
<p>Quando si mescola l’idea all’oggetto si finisce per avere la nostalgia di un preteso passato glorioso. Si fa marcia indietro nella storia. La mescolanza sarà forse “politicamente corretta” ma sarà certamente “scientificamente errata”.</p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><em>Les hommes font leur propre histoire, mais pas de anière<br />
arbitraire, sous des circonstances choisis par eux mêmes,<br />
mais par celles directement données et hérités du passée.<br />
La tradition de toutes les générations mortes<br />
oppresse comme un cauchemar les cerveaux des vivants.<br />
“Le 18 Brumaire de Louis Bonaparte”</em></p>
<p>Ecco che arriviamo al punto chiave dell’archeologia sociale : »Che fare dell’archeologia ? »<br />
Per noi rappresenta un impegno tanto nei confronti della società indagata che dell’attuale poiché noi, gli archeologi, siamo inseriti in una realtà da cui non dobbiamo essere esclusi giacchè alla fine noi siamo degli attori sociali che producono e distribuiscono simmetricamente le conoscenze che sono il risultato del confronto del mondo delle idee con il mondo della realtà.</p>
<p>L’archeologia in quanto scienza sociale costituisce una alternativa all’archeologia classica. Una archeologia sociale implica che la teoria è messa all’opera e che noi, gli archeologi, non siamo stranieri alla realtà ma degli attori sociali in mezzo alla comunità sociale, frutto della contraddizione tra il mondo delle idee (o teorie) ed il resto della realtà preistorica.</p>
<p>Ciò che Engels ci ha detto nel Ludwig Feuerbach et la fin de la philosophie classique allemande , che la storia della filosofia e , partendo dal pensiero, è una lotta secolare tra due tendenze, l’idealismo ed il materialismo.<br />
Le culte de l’homme abstrait qui constituait le centre de la nouvelle religion feuerbachienne devait nécessairement<br />
être remplacé par la science des hommes réels et de leur développement historique.<br />
“Engels, op.cit.”<br />
Infatti, come sostiene Lucien Sève, tutta la teoria nel suo insieme è, in maniera implicita, in maniera necessaria, in tutti gli altri insiemi coerenti che costituiscono il materialismo storico ed il settore che esso occupa oggi in maniera decisiva nello sviluppo della ricerca.<br />
L’ASL ha fatto un grande passo in avanti in teoria quando abbandona l’idealismo e si attesta su di una base metodologica del materialismo storico. Ma poi si ferma senza aver approfondito i suoi studi verso la prassi.</p>
<p>In questo senso l’undicesima tesi su Feuerbach è chiaroveggente:</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">fino ad oggi i filosofi non hanno fatto altro che interpretare il mondo. Ciò che è importante è trasformarlo.</p>
<p>Immerso nel cuore dell’archeologia sociale un gruppo di archeologi appartenenti a diverse università europee e latino-americane si raccoglie nel 1999 attorno al Centro di Ricerca e Diffusione Archeologica la cui sede è in Francia affinchè, partendo dal principio della Prassi così come enunciato nell’XI tesi su Feuerbach, l’archeologia sia una strumento militante della trasformazione economica e sociale dei popoli che essa studia.</p>
<p>Dopo Sève, una scienza ha come “organi vitali” una definizione che assume esattamente l’essenza di un oggetto e legata a questa definizione il metodo appropriato per studiare l’oggetto, le nozioni di base attraverso le quali essa esprime gli elementi chiave – e in particolare le contraddizioni dei determinanti della scienza- con successo, per studiare le leggi fondamentali dello sviluppo dell’oggetto studiato e dunque condurre alla matrice della teoria e della pratica che  è il fine essenziale di tutte le imprese scientifiche.</p>
<p>Definizioni e metodi i concetti di base , le leggi fondamentali dello sviluppo, questa è l’età adulta della scienza.<br />
Secondo Nuttin, nessun servizio è reso alla scienza quando si pensa di essere arrivati alla fine mentre non si è ancora potuto mettere a punto scientificamente i veri problemi in tutta la loro complessità.</p>
<p>Prendere la necessità come base della storia come Sartre fa nella sua Critica della Ragion Dialettica in cui il bisogno è prima del lavoro , è una mancanza di comprensione radicale di ciò che Marx chiama nell’ Ideologia Tedesca “  la condizione fondamentale di tutta la storia”: il lavoro e la produzione dei mezzi di sussistenza , di conseguenza la comprensione dell’uomo.</p>
<p>E’ lasciarsi trasportare dall’apparenza di un “materialismo della necessità” che, in realtà, è insidiosamente idealista: Marx stesso dice che “considerare la produzione ed il consumo come attività di un solo o di numerosi individui, si danno sempre e comunque come momenti di un processo nel quale la produzione è il vero punto di partenza e ,di conseguenza,il fattore dominante”.</p>
<p>Lenin  non cessa di ripetere in “Materialismo e Empiriocriticismo” che la maggior parte degli specialisti in scienze naturali sono “spontaneamente” dei materialisti e lottano contro la pratica dell’empirismo e del pragmatismo scientifico. Lenin, anche se tiene conto di Engels, è il primo a rispondere alla pratica politica della filosofia, collocando, pertanto, in posizione prioritaria la profezia della XI.ma tesi.</p>
<p>In effetti, la nostra proposta per una pratica diversa dell’archeologia è nuova in quanto non si tratta di riflettere su un’archeologia del negazionismo, ma di praticare un’archeologia che non esita ad intervenire “politicamente” nei dibattiti dove si mette in gioco il vero destino delle scienze, tra lo (approccio) scientifico che esse instaurano e quello ideologico che le minaccia e non cessa di intervenire “scientificamente” nelle lotte dove si mettono in gioco le sorti delle classi e delle nazioni.</p>
<p>E, parafrasando Althusser, è solamente con Lenin che può finalmente assumere forma e senso la frase profetica della XI.ma tesi su Feuerbach: “fino ad oggi, i filosofi non hanno fatto altro che interpretare il mondo in modi diversi, ma ciò che importa è di trasformarlo”.</p>
<p>Questa frase promette una nuova archeologia?</p>
<p>L’archeologia non sarà annullata, l’archeologia resterà sempre l’archeologia. Ma è nel sapere che cosa è questa pratica, nel sapere o nel cominciare a sapere ciò che è, essa potrà poco a poco essere trasformata in una pratica archeologica.</p>
<p>È proprio questo che il materialismo storico introduce di novità nell’archeologia, una nuova pratica dell’archeologia non per gli uomini, né per gli archeologi, ma per le masse cioè per le classi alleate in una stessa lotta di classe.</p>
<p>In altre parole l’archeologia culturalista “è il più incerto dei cammini incerti”</p>
<p>E’ per questo motivo che il nostro Centro di Ricerca e Diffusione Archeologica insiste sul fatto che bisogna rivedere la definizione di ciò che è la nostra scienza, che non è lo studio delle culture attraverso i metodi ausiliari della descrizione ma piuttosto lo studio dei percorsi storici delle popolazioni e delle loro masse attraverso la spiegazione delle loro vestigia.</p>
<p>Perché lo scopo dell’archeologia, lo ripetiamo ancora una volta, è di trovare spiegazioni ai processi di cambiamento sociale e di sviluppo dei gruppi umani nella loro prospettiva storica.</p>
<p>Il ruolo dell’archeologo sociale, come si può dedurre da quanto detto in precedenza, non si limita ad una semplice descrizione culturalista degli strumenti in pietra o in osso, o della fauna rinvenuta durante gli scavi, né alla conservazione o alla ricostruzione di siti monumentali al servizio dell’industria turistica, né alla dubbia nostalgia di un presunto passato glorioso.</p>
<p>Ma, il ruolo dell’archeologia sociale deve limitarsi alla compilazione di statistiche o anche alla ricostruzione ed alla interpretazione dei modi di produzione e delle relazioni sociali del passato?</p>
<p>Tutto il suo lavoro deve avere uno scopo sociale. In concreto, si deve interpretare il passato per comprendere il presente e in questo modo avere un impatto sulla società attuale, modificandola (XI.ma tesi). Come detto bene dal dott. Luis Felipe Bate si dovrà assumere il compromesso politico di lavorare, partendo dall’archeologia, per generare un contenuto critico della realtà e migliorare le condizioni di esistenza.</p>
<p>La differenza fondamentale tra gli archeologi tradizionali e gli archeologi sociali si trova nell’interpretazione dei dati ottenuti. I primi si fermeranno alla fase di descrizione e presentazione del materiale a fini espositivi, mentre la classificazione dei materiali spingerà i secondi a definire lo sviluppo delle forze produttive allo scopo di compararli a quelli di altri gruppi omotassiali. Fatto questo, potrà ricostruire le relazioni sociali di produzione, il che gli permetterà di definire un modo di produzione.</p>
<p>Secondo Lumbreras, il suo lavoro sarà quello di comprendere questa ricostruzione in termini di Processo.</p>
<p>Possiamo illustrare questo scopo, per esempio, mostrando come le teorie sulla caduta di Tiwanaku nel 1187 arrivano tutte a conclusioni culturaliste errate. Da 30 anni, l’Università di Chicago e il suo Istituto di Archeologia Latino-americana, diretto dal dr. Alan Kolata, secondo i metodi dell’archeologia culturalista, ha sviluppato la tesi che Tiwanaku è crollata a causa di un cataclisma che loro chiamano “collasso ecologico”. Al contrario, partendo dall’archeologia sociale e dalla metodologia post-processuale, abbiamo constatato che nel percorso storico dei popoli, mai un impero è crollato a causa di un disastro climatico (nemmeno quello dei palazzi Minoici).</p>
<p>Inoltre, quando abbiamo beneficiato di un permesso archeologico per Tiwanaku, ottenuto dalla competente autorità boliviana, siamo partiti da principi post-processuali per stabilire che gli imperi (e, in questo caso, un impero di 650.000 Km quadrati con numerosi “stadi ecologici”) non crollano a causa di avversità climatiche, ma a causa dell’esaurimento del loro modello politico, cosa che abbiamo potuto facilmente dimostrare attraverso le prove che abbiamo pubblicato nei tempi opportuni.</p>
<p>E’ questa la differenza fondamentale tra il culturalismo e l’archeologia sociale: mentre per il primo approccio la storia dipende dalla natura o dall’uomo, per la seconda la storia è un processo condizionato dallo sviluppo delle forze produttive.</p>
<p>Quella post-processuale è in effetti una metodologia che gli archeologi sociali devono approfondire e diffondere, perché essa si basa sui principi del materialismo storico, anche se terrorizza alquanto gli accademici europei e se resta sconosciuta alla maggioranza di questi ultimi.<br />
Si deve notare che, se c’è consenso tra gli archeologi sociali in relazione alla loro funzione, vi sono pochi studi per quanto riguarda i loro obiettivi.</p>
<p>Manuel Aguirre-Morales Prouvé, nella sua pubblicazione L’Archeologia Sociale in Perù, afferma: “comunque, si può constatare che se è ben accettata da una parte degli archeologi in Perù, gli studi che si sono concentrati sulla materializzazione di questa impostazione sono poveri e avari”.</p>
<p>Diego Vasquez Monterroso, in Arqueologia  y Cosificacion afferma, a sua volta, che: “secondo me, nell’archeologia del Guatemala è la prima (quella tradizionale) che si è sviluppata (in Guatemala), cercando di essere la seconda (quella sociale) almeno in parte. Semplicemente, poiché l’archeologia che si è sviluppata in Guatemala non ha mai tenuto conto il vero contesto di coloro che lavorano … gli archeologi che lavorano nel passato senza comprendere – a parte qualche eccezione – che devono lavorare con il passato”.</p>
<p>Ultima e brillante conclusione: “l’archeologo pensa di essere obiettivo e neutrale, ma uccide questo passato e non lascia che un manufatto antico”.</p>
<p>Se formuliamo l’enunciato che la scienza archeologica tenta di comprendere i comportamenti umani partendo dai resti materiali della loro produzione sociale, l’archeologo ha differenti maniere di approcciare lo studio di questo passato e, come abbiamo già detto, questo implica la scelta del quadro teorico che determina gli aspetti metodologici e analitici dei soggetti trattati.</p>
<p>?</p>
<p>Come abbiamo segnalato all’inizio, il Centro di Ricerca e Diffusione Archeologica (CEREDIAR) se è costituito nel 1999 con lo scopo di portare l’archeologia in direzione di una trasformazione in linea con la XI.ma Tesi su Feuerbach.</p>
<p>Dal 2007, è accreditato dal governo francese come Organizzazione non governativa (ONG) in base alla legge del 1901, e iscritto alla Prefettura di Seine-Saint-Denis con il numero W93-100_4235, con il triplice obiettivo di: sviluppare la teoria dell’archeologia sociale, diffonderla e, in fine, metterla in pratica nei propri cantieri di lavoro destinati alla trasformazione economica e sociale dei popoli studiati.</p>
<p>Inoltre, nello scavo d’urgenza dei siti di San Blas e Miraflores in Bolivia, per cui CEREDIAR ha stipulato accordi con l’Università Nazionale di Tarija Juan Mijael Saracco e con le istituzioni prefettizie boliviane, per “ciò che è giusto per noi in un mondo globalizzato”, sarà ripresa l’archeologia della “stevia” precolombiana per formare una cooperativa di produzione  ed anche, in accordo con l’Università di Tarija, per formare due dottorandi che lavorino alla ricerca per una licenza (o “know how” indipendente dalle royalties) sulla sintesi di questo dolcificante precolombiano.</p>
<p>I canali di irrigazione precolombiani vengono disseppelliti non soltanto per raccogliere informazioni, ma per ripararli e rimetterli al servizio delle comunità indiane per dar loro di nuovo acqua abbondante e gratuita, senza i contatori di pagamento delle società multinazionali.</p>
<p>Nell’ambito del permesso assegnatoci dall’Istituto Nazionale di Cultura del Perù, non partiamo soltanto dal pre-processuale per mettere in evidenza la gaffe teorica di Gorge Stanish, perché lo spazio geografico, che va dal limite culturale Chiripa di Puerto Acosta in Bolivia allo spazio culturale Pukara in Perù è sufficientemente esteso per supporre l’esistenza di un gruppo umano differenziato e mettere in rilievo anche il centro cerimoniale di Junipe (sconosciuto fino al cantiere del CEREDIAR) nella provincia di Moho sul confine orientale del lago Titicaca, ma anche per preparare i progetti e gli accordi necessari con la municipalità di Moho per inserire il sito archeologico di Merkemarka nella realtà storica attuale.</p>
<p>Nell’ambito dei suoi studi africani, il CEREDIAR studia la neolitizzazione della riva nord del fiume Senegal, mentre modernizza la struttura sanitaria periferica di Kaedi in Mauritania, semplicemente perché l’etnia Peulh, erede di questa neolitizzazione, è vittima di un genocidio brutale, riconosciuto dall’Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite, e al momento non dispone nemmeno di una struttura sanitaria in attività.</p>
<p>Mentre il CEREDIAR stipula accordi con l’Università Nazionale di Bamako per effettuare prospezioni sulla stessa neolitizzazione sulle rive del fiume Senegal, ha sottoscritto con le autorità di Batama azioni per la trasformazione e la modernizzazione delle sua strutture agricole, sanitarie e di educazione.</p>
<p>Nel Burkina Faso il CEREDIAR studia i percorsi storici dei Mossis, mentre – sulla strada nazionale 2 da Ougahigouya al paese Dogon nella provincia di Yatenga – sottoscrive accordi con la popolazione di Lougouri per inserire quelle etnie in un contesto in relazione con la nazione moderna.</p>
<p>Oggi l’ONG CEREDIAR non è soltanto riconosciuta legalmente come ONG dei Diritti dell’Uomo dal governo francese ma crea delle agenzie di ricerca scientifica in cui la teoria è mescolata alla prassi in Argentina, Bolivia, Perù,Colombia,Panama, Messico(il gruppo di ricerca in etnomusicologia),Italia, Spagna, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, e prossimamente in Senegal, Camerun e Gabon.<br />
In tutti i casi di intervento, l’ONG di Ricerca e Diffusione Archeologica o CEREDIAR , lavora secondo i principi della Teoria dell’Archeologia Sociale detta anche Arqueologia Social Latinoaméricaina o ASL. E le sue interpretazioni sullo sviluppo storico dei popoli la portano alla prassi attraverso programmi di sviluppo economico e sociale in cui “ciò che ci è proprio , si avvia ad opporsi in alternativa al globale”.</p>
<p>BIBLIOGRAFIA<br />
AGUIRRE-MORALES PROUVE Manuel<br />
2001 La Arqueología Social en Perú<br />
Thèse de Maîtrise Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona<br />
ALTHUSSER Louis<br />
1969 Lénine et la Philosophie<br />
Conférence du 24 février 1969 à la Société Française de Philosophie.<br />
Edité en espagnol par Serie Popular Era (Censuré sur le site internet de la Société).<br />
BATE Luis<br />
1996 El proceso de investigación en Arqueología<br />
Dpto de Prehistoria y Arqueología.<br />
Universidad de Sevilla. España. 1996<br />
Thèse doctorale sous le titre: Una posición teórica en Arqueología.<br />
Editorial Crítica. Barcelona 1998.<br />
ENGELS Friedrich<br />
1888 Luwdig Feuerbach et la fin de la Philosophie Classique Allemande<br />
LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL Ernest-Emile<br />
2003 Tiwanaku &#8211; Protocolo de Investigacoin sobre el Altiplano boliviano<br />
Cerediar Org &#8211; Circolo Amerindiano Università di Perugia &#8211; Italia</p>
<p>2004 The Province of Moho<br />
[Texte anglais pour la Society for American Archaeology]<br />
Cerediar Org</p>
<p>2007 Archéologie et Pseudo-archéologie<br />
Communication à l’AFIS Association Française pour l’Information Scientifique<br />
Magazine Science et Pseudo-science<br />
LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL Ernest-Emile et al<br />
2008 Protocole Kaedi<br />
Cerediar Org<br />
LUMBRERAS Luís Guillermo<br />
1974 La arqueología como ciencia social<br />
Editions Histar<br />
LENIN Vladimir Illich Ulianov<br />
1908 Matérialisme y Empiriocriticisme<br />
MARX Karl<br />
1845 L’idéologie Allemande<br />
1852 Le 18 Brumaire de Louis Bonaparte<br />
SARTRE Jean-Paul<br />
1960 Critique de la Raison Dialectique<br />
Losada<br />
SEVE Lucien<br />
1969 Marxisme et Théorie de la Personnalité<br />
Editions sociales<br />
VASQUEZ MONTERROSO Diego<br />
2007 Arqueología y Cosificación<br />
Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales<br />
Section Arqueología, etnohistoria, historia</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/05/53-congresso-internazionale-di-americanisti-messico/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>53 CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE AMERICANISTAS</title>
		<link>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/04/53-congreso-internacional-de-americanistas/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/04/53-congreso-internacional-de-americanistas/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2009 14:13:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erlosan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Añadir etiqueta nueva]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mexico]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cerediar.info/?p=9</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[53 ICA  						53 ICA			Thomas Ramírez 						 			
    Publish at Scribd or explore others:            Humanities                  moho         [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a title="View 53 ICA on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/15246493/53-ICA" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">53 ICA</a> <object codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" id="doc_968886592500151" name="doc_968886592500151" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" align="middle"	height="500" width="100%" rel="media:document" resource="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=15246493&#038;access_key=key-yus8wd2o9h373wssfod&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode=" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/searchmonkey/media/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" ><param name="movie"	value="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=15246493&#038;access_key=key-yus8wd2o9h373wssfod&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode="><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="play" value="true"><param name="loop" value="true"><param name="scale" value="showall"><param name="wmode" value="opaque"><param name="devicefont" value="false"><param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"><param name="menu" value="true"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="salign" value=""><embed src="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=15246493&#038;access_key=key-yus8wd2o9h373wssfod&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode=" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" play="true" loop="true" scale="showall" wmode="opaque" devicefont="false" bgcolor="#ffffff" name="doc_968886592500151_object" menu="true" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" salign="" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" align="middle"  height="500" width="100%"></embed><span rel="media:thumbnail" href="http://i.scribd.com/public/images/uploaded/28782782/i8qXf2VAYKPi8CNSd7_thumbnail.jpeg"> 						<span property="media:title">53 ICA</span>			<span property="dc:creator">Thomas Ramírez</span> 						<span property="dc:type" content="Text"> 			</object>
<div style="margin: 6px auto 3px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;">    <a href="http://www.scribd.com/upload" style="text-decoration: underline;">Publish at Scribd</a> or <a href="http://www.scribd.com/browse" style="text-decoration: underline;">explore</a> others:            <a href="http://www.scribd.com/explore/Research/Humanities" style="text-decoration: underline;">Humanities</a>                  <a href="http://www.scribd.com/tag/moho" style="text-decoration: underline;">moho</a>              <a href="http://www.scribd.com/tag/puno" style="text-decoration: underline;">puno</a>      	</div>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/04/53-congreso-internacional-de-americanistas/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>53 CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL D&#8217;AMÉRICANISTES</title>
		<link>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/04/53-congres-international-damericanistes/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/04/53-congres-international-damericanistes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2009 13:50:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erlosan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General @fr]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mexico]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cerediar.info/?p=5</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
ONG CEREDIAR ORG
CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DIFFUSION ARCHEOLOGIQUE
Organisation Non Gouvernementale
Association Loi 1901 &#8211;  Préfecture de Seine Saint-Denis n° W-93-100-4235
Siège : « Cottage 1 » &#8211; 97 Avenue Franklin &#8211; 93250 Villemomble – France
Bureau : Domaine de Lacombe-Cave – 46800 Saint-Matré – France
cerediar.org@aliceadsl.fr
53 ICA &#8211; 53 CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL D&#8217;AMÉRICANISTES
MEXICO DU 19 AU 24 JUILLET 2009 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<input id="post_form_id" name="post_form_id" type="hidden" value="7c020b8f82317c8e670cf97658dbf3b0" />
<p>ONG CEREDIAR ORG<br />
CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DIFFUSION ARCHEOLOGIQUE<br />
Organisation Non Gouvernementale<br />
Association Loi 1901 &#8211;  Préfecture de Seine Saint-Denis n° W-93-100-4235<br />
Siège : « Cottage 1 » &#8211; 97 Avenue Franklin &#8211; 93250 Villemomble – France<br />
Bureau : Domaine de Lacombe-Cave – 46800 Saint-Matré – France<br />
cerediar.org@aliceadsl.fr</p>
<p>53 ICA &#8211; 53 CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL D&#8217;AMÉRICANISTES<br />
MEXICO DU 19 AU 24 JUILLET 2009 &#8211; MEXIQUE<br />
LA CONSTRUCTION DE CE QUE NOUS EST PROPRE DANS UN MONDE GLOBALISE<br />
SYMPOSIUM D&#8217;ARCHÉOLOGIE SOCIAL</p>
<p>PARTICIPATION DE L&#8217;ORGANISATION NON GOUVERNEMENTALE FRANÇAISE<br />
CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DIFFUSION ARCHEOLOGIQUE<br />
ONG CEREDIAR ORG<br />
●<br />
DE LA THEORIE À LA PRAXIS,<br />
OU COMMENT CONSTRUIRE CE QUI NOUS EST PROPRE DANS UN MONDE GLOBALISÉ,<br />
EN PARTANT DE L&#8217;ARCHÉOLOGIE SOCIALE<br />
●<br />
PAR<br />
Dr Ernest-Emile<br />
LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL<br />
Archéologue<br />
Membre  de la Société des Américanistes au Siège du Musée de l&#8217;Homme à Paris.<br />
Membre de la Society for American Archaeology de Washington DC.<br />
Président de l’ONG Cerediar Org<br />
ET<br />
Lic Adriana Noemí<br />
SALVINO<br />
Archéologue<br />
Université Nationale de Buenos Aires<br />
Directrice Scientifique Adjointe de l’ONG Cerediar Org<br />
Directrice de l’ONG Cerediar Argentina</p>
<p>Il est tombé pour nous le rideau merveilleux,<br />
où du vrai monde erraient de fausses apparences.<br />
La science a vaincu l&#8217;imposture des yeux,<br />
l&#8217;homme a répudié les vaines espérances.<br />
&#8220;Sully Prud&#8217;homme, Poésies&#8221;</p>
<p>La science, « le connaître » dans son sens le plus large, est une connaissance systématisée, et dans un sens plus restreint, tout savoir considéré comme objectif et, par conséquent, vérifiable.</p>
<p>Les conceptions métaphysiques du monde archaïque n&#8217;ont pas été toujours formulées dans un langage théorique, mais le symbole et le rite expriment, sur des plans différents et avec les moyens qui leur sont propres, un système complet d&#8217;affirmations cohérentes sur la réalité ultime des choses, système que l&#8217;on peut considérer comme constituant une métaphysique.</p>
<p>Il est pourtant essentiel de comprendre le sens profond de tous ces symboles, mythes et rites pour réussir à les traduire dans notre langage usuel. Si l’on se donne la peine de pénétrer la signification authentique d&#8217;un mythe ou d&#8217;un symbole archaïque, on est obligé de constater que cette signification révèle la prise de conscience d&#8217;une certaine situation dans le cosmos et qu&#8217;elle implique, par conséquent, une position métaphysique.</p>
<p>Le vrai problème de l&#8217;archéologie réside dans les archéologues et dans leur propre interprétation de leur métier.</p>
<p>Car, dans la science archéologique, leur travail est de trouver des explications aux processus du développement et du changement social des groupes humains dans leur perspective historique. C&#8217;est à dire, d’étudier le parcours d&#8217;un peuple à travers son existence. Sauf qu&#8217;à la différence des autres sciences, nous le faisons par la recherche, la classification et l’interprétation des restes matériels du passé.</p>
<p>Mais il y a des archéologues qui ne partagent pas cette opinion. Ils pensent que notre métier doit se limiter à exposer une « évolution », et quand ils en ont trouvé le fil, ils tiennent leur travail pour fini, et l&#8217;exposent dans la vitrine d&#8217;un musée pour la présenter aux classes sociales qui ont du temps libre pour s&#8217;instruire.</p>
<p>Contrairement aux archéologues culturalistes nous, les archéologues sociaux, nous pensons que l&#8217;archéologie en tant que science sociale ne peut pas être opposée à la réalité du présent et que, pendant qu&#8217;on recherche des explications sur le parcours historique des hommes, on doit s’engager pour les rendre utiles dans la recherche d&#8217;un futur meilleur et faire des propositions.</p>
<p>Il y a donc, deux manières d&#8217;interpréter la science archéologique :</p>
<p>Une archéologie de classe et élitiste, « expositive », qui ne recherche que de l&#8217;information et jamais des explications, parce qu’elle considère qu&#8217;il n&#8217;y a rien à expliquer ni à changer. Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une archéologie culturaliste de base méthodologique aristotélicienne, où le principe d&#8217;Identité devient sacré (pour Willey, tout ce qui a la même couleur nous vient du même fabricant). Une archéologie qui nie donc l&#8217;histoire.</p>
<p>Et il y a une archéologie, scientifique celle-ci, que nous appelons « l&#8217;archéologie autrement », créée par Vere Gordon Childe à l&#8217;Université de Londres aux débuts du XXème siècle et élevée à la catégorie d&#8217;École par Guillermo Lumbreras de l&#8217;Université Majeure de San Marcos à Lima, puis dans la « Reunión de Teotihuacan 1975 : Hacia una Arqueología Social ».</p>
<p>La différence n&#8217;est pas seulement méthodologique, mais idéologique.</p>
<p>Lénine avait écrit que sans théorie révolutionnaire il n&#8217;y a pas de mouvement révolutionnaire. Il pourrait bien avoir écrit que sans théorie scientifique, il n&#8217;y a pas de production de connaissances scientifiques. La philosophie matérialiste – et n&#8217;oublions pas ce que nous avons déjà dit concernant l&#8217;archéologie sociale – est profondément liée à la pratique scientifique.</p>
<p>Quand l&#8217;archéologie ne sert qu&#8217;à recueillir de l&#8217;information, elle se place au service du statuquo et de l&#8217;immobilisme, parce qu&#8217;à son avis ce que nous appelons « histoire » est la réalisation de l&#8217;idée humaine et pas l&#8217;inverse. C&#8217;est à dire que, pour elle, l&#8217;immuable devient loi. Mais quand l&#8217;archéologie est un instrument de recherche sur le passé, nous travaillons sur un devenir historique pour arriver à comprendre notre réalité actuelle. C&#8217;est la dialectique au service des hommes.</p>
<p>En France, la situation est particulièrement grave. À cause des programmes d’études établis par Gérôme Carcopino quand il était Ministre de l&#8217;Éducation Nationale sous le régime du Maréchal Pétain, l&#8217;archéologie de notre pays a pris un grand retard par rapport aux autres sciences, et aujourd&#8217;hui nous parlons de « patrimoine et archéologie ».</p>
<p>Mais quel patrimoine ? La Tène II, le Germanique Oriental des Wisigoths, ou ces quatre pierres qui restent du Château du Comte Robert ? Le vrai patrimoine d&#8217;une nation est son parcours historique et pas les objets qu&#8217;ont laissés nos prédécesseurs. Les objets nous servent, à nous les archéologues, pour comprendre le mode de production de la vie matérielle, mais hors de leur contexte ces objets sont nus.</p>
<p>Quand on mêle l&#8217;idée à l&#8217;objet on finit par avoir la nostalgie d&#8217;un prétendu passée glorieux. On fait marche arrière dans l&#8217;histoire. Le mélange sera peut-être « politiquement correct », mais il sera certainement « scientifiquement erroné ».</p>
<p>Les hommes font leur propre histoire, mais pas de manière<br />
arbitraire, sous des circonstances choisis par eux mêmes,<br />
mais par celles directement données et hérités du passée.<br />
La tradition de toutes les générations mortes<br />
oppresse comme un cauchemar les cerveaux des vivants.<br />
&#8220;Le 18 Brumaire de Louis Bonaparte&#8221;</p>
<p>●</p>
<p>Voilà que nous arrivons au point clé de l&#8217;archéologie sociale : « Que faire de l&#8217;archéologie ? »</p>
<p>Pour nous, elle représente un engagement, tant envers la société enquêtée qu’envers l&#8217;actuelle, car nous, les archéologues, sommes plongés dans une réalité dont nous ne devrions pas être exclus, parce que finalement nous sommes des acteurs sociaux qui produisent et distribuent symétriquement les connaissances qui sont le résultat de la confrontation des idées avec le monde de la réalité.</p>
<p>L&#8217;archéologie en tant que science sociale constitue une alternative à l&#8217;archéologie classique. Une archéologie sociale implique que la théorie est mise en œuvre et que nous, les archéologues, nous ne sommes pas des étrangers à la réalité, mais des acteurs sociaux au milieu de la communauté sociale, fruits de la contradiction entre le monde des idées (ou théorie) et les restes de la réalité préhistorique.</p>
<p>C&#8217;est Engels qui nous dit dans Ludwig Feuerbach et la fin de la philosophie classique allemande, que l&#8217;histoire de la philosophie, et partant de la pensée, est une lutte séculaire entre deux tendances, l&#8217;idéalisme et le matérialisme.</p>
<p>Le culte de l&#8217;homme abstrait qui constituait le centre de la<br />
nouvelle religion feuerbachienne devait nécessairement<br />
être remplacé par la science des hommes réels et de leur<br />
développement historique.<br />
&#8220;Engels, op.cit.&#8221;</p>
<p>En effet, comme le soutient Lucien Sève, toute théorie dans son ensemble est, de manière implicite, de manière nécessaire, dans tout cet autre ensemble cohérent qui constitue le matérialisme historique et le secteur que celui-ci occupe aujourd&#8217;hui de manière décisive dans le développement de la recherche.</p>
<p>L’ASL a fait un grand pas en avant en théorie quand elle abandonna l&#8217;idéalisme et se plaça sur la base méthodologique du matérialisme historique. Mais après, elle s&#8217;arrêta faute d’avoir approfondi ses études vers la praxis.</p>
<p>Dans ce sens, la onzième thèse sur Feuerbach est clairvoyante :</p>
<p>Jusqu&#8217;à présent, les philosophes n&#8217;ont fait autre chose<br />
qu&#8217;interpréter le monde.<br />
Ce qui est important, c’est de le transformer.</p>
<p>Plongé au cœur de l&#8217;archéologie sociale, un groupe d&#8217;archéologues de différentes universités européennes et latino-américaines se rassemble en 1999 autour du Centre de Recherche et Diffusion Archéologique dont le siège est en France, pour que, en partant du principe de la Praxis tel qu’il est énoncé dans la XIème Thèse sur Feuerbach, l&#8217;archéologie soit un instrument militant de la transformation économique et sociale des peuples qu’elle étudie.</p>
<p>D&#8217;après Sève, une science a comme « organes vitaux » une définition qui assume exactement l&#8217;essence d&#8217;un objet, et liées à cette définition la méthode appropriée pour étudier l&#8217;objet, les notions de base par lesquelles elle exprime les éléments clés – et en particulier les contradictions des déterminants de la science – avec succès pour étudier les lois fondamentales du développement de l&#8217;objet étudié, et donc conduire à la maîtrise de la théorie et de la pratique, ce qui est le but essentiel de toute entreprise scientifique.</p>
<p>Définitions et méthodes, les concepts de base, les lois fondamentales de développement, tel est l’âge adulte de la science.</p>
<p>Selon Nuttin, aucun service n&#8217;est rendu à la science quand on pense être arrivé au but alors qu’on n&#8217;a pas encore pu mettre au point scientifiquement les vrais problèmes dans toute leur complexité.</p>
<p>Prendre la nécessité comme base de l&#8217;histoire, comme Sartre le fait dans sa Critique de la Raison Dialectique, où le besoin est avant le travail, est un manque de compréhension radical de ce que Marx appelle dans L&#8217;idéologie Allemande « la condition fondamentale de toute l&#8217;histoire » : le travail et la production des moyens de subsistance, par conséquent la compréhension de l&#8217;homme.</p>
<p>C&#8217;est se laisser emporter par l&#8217;apparence d&#8217;un « matérialisme de la nécessité » qui, en réalité, est insidieusement idéaliste : Marx lui-même dit que « à considérer la production et la consommation comme activités d&#8217;un seul ou de nombreux individus, elles se donnent toujours et dans tous les cas comme moments d&#8217;un processus dans lequel la production est le vrai point de départ, et par conséquent, le facteur déterminant&#8221;.</p>
<p>Lénine ne cesse de répéter dans Matérialisme et Empiriocriticisme que la plupart des spécialistes en sciences naturelles sont « spontanément » des matérialistes, tout en luttant contre la pratique de l&#8217;empirisme et le pragmatisme scientifique. Lénine, même si on tient compte d’Engels, est le premier à répondre à la pratique politique de la philosophie, en mettant par conséquent en priorité la prophétie de la XIème thèse.</p>
<p>En effet, notre proposition pour une pratique autre de l&#8217;archéologie est nouvelle en tant qu&#8217;il ne s&#8217;agit pas de ruminer une archéologie du négationnisme, mais de pratiquer une archéologie qui n’hésite pas à intervenir « politiquement » dans les débats où se joue le destin réel des sciences, entre le scientifique qu’elles instaurent et l&#8217;idéologique qui les menace, et ne cesse d&#8217;intervenir « scientifiquement » dans les luttes où se joue la sort des classes et des nations.</p>
<p>En paraphrasant Althusser, c&#8217;est seulement avec Lénine que peut finalement prendre forme et sens la phrase prophétique de la XIème thèse sur Feuerbach « jusqu&#8217;à présent, les philosophes n&#8217;ont fait qu&#8217;interpréter le monde de diverses manières, mais ce qui importe c’est de le transformer ».</p>
<p>Est-ce que cette phrase promet une archéologie nouvelle ?</p>
<p>L&#8217;archéologie ne sera pas annulée, l&#8217;archéologie restera toujours l&#8217;archéologie. Mais en sachant ce qu&#8217;est sa pratique, en sachant ce qu&#8217;elle est ou en commençant à le savoir, elle pourra être peu à peu transformée en une pratique archéologique.</p>
<p>Ce que le matérialisme historique introduit de nouveau dans l&#8217;archéologie, c’est justement cela, une nouvelle pratique de l&#8217;archéologie non pas par les hommes, non pas par les archéologues, mais par les masses, c&#8217;est à dire les classes alliées dans une même lutte des classes.</p>
<p>En d’autres termes, l&#8217;archéologie culturaliste « est le plus incertain des chemins incertains »:</p>
<p>Der Holzweg der Holzwege !</p>
<p>●</p>
<p>C&#8217;est pourquoi notre Centre de Recherche et Diffusion Archéologique insiste sur le fait qu&#8217;il faut revoir la définition de ce qu&#8217;est notre science, qui n&#8217;est pas l&#8217;étude des cultures par le biais des méthodes auxiliaires de la description, mais plutôt l&#8217;étude des parcours historiques des populations et de leurs masses par l&#8217;explication de leurs vestiges.</p>
<p>Parce que le travail de l&#8217;archéologue, nous le répétons encore une fois, est de trouver des explications aux processus de changement social et de développement des groupes humains dans leur perspective historique.</p>
<p>Le rôle de l&#8217;archéologue social, comme on peut le déduire de ce qui précède, ne se limite pas à une simple description culturaliste des outils en pierre ou en os, ou de la faune trouvée dans des fouilles, ni à la préservation ou la reconstruction de sites monumentaux au service de l&#8217;industrie touristique, ni à la douteuse nostalgie d&#8217;un passé présumé glorieux.</p>
<p>Mais, est-ce que le rôle de l&#8217;archéologue social doit se limiter à la compilation de statistiques, voire à la reconstruction et à l’interprétation des modes de production et des relations sociales du passé ?</p>
<p>Tout son travail doit avoir un but social. C&#8217;est à dire qu&#8217;il doit interpréter le passé pour comprendre le présent, et de cette manière avoir un impact sur la société actuelle, en la modifiant (XIème thèse). Comme l’exprime bien le Dr Luis Felipe Bate, il devra assumer le compromis politique de travailler à partir de l&#8217;archéologie pour générer un contenu critique de la réalité et améliorer les conditions d&#8217;existence.</p>
<p>La différence fondamentale entre les archéologues traditionnels et les archéologues sociaux se trouve dans l&#8217;interprétation des données obtenues. Le premier en restera seulement à la phase de description et de présentation du matériel afin de l&#8217;exposer, pendant que la classification des matériaux amènera le second à établir le développement des forces productives afin de les comparer à celles d’autres groupes homotaxiaux. Une fois cela fait, il pourra reconstruire les relations sociales de production, ce qui lui permettra d’établir un mode de production.</p>
<p>Selon Lumbreras, son travail sera donc de comprendre cette reconstruction en termes de Processus.</p>
<p>Nous pouvons illustrer ce propos, par exemple, en montrant comment les théories sur la chute de Tiwanaku en 1187 arrivent toutes à des conclusions culturalistes erronées. Depuis 30 ans, l&#8217;Université de Chicago et son Institut d&#8217;Archéologie Latino-Américaine, dirigé par le Dr Alan Kolata selon les méthodes de l&#8217;archéologie culturaliste, a développé la thèse que Tiwanaku s&#8217;est effondré à cause d’un cataclysme qu&#8217;ils appellent « collapsus écologique ». Au contraire, en partant de l&#8217;archéologie sociale et de la méthodologie post-processuelle, nous avons constaté que dans le parcours historique des peuples, jamais un Empire n’est tombé à cause d’une catastrophe climatique (pas même celui des palais Minoens).</p>
<p>Aussi, quand nous avons bénéficié d&#8217;un permis archéologique sur Tiwanaku octroyé par l&#8217;autorité compétente bolivienne, nous sommes partis des principes post-processuels pour établir que les Empires (et dans ce cas, un Empire de 650.000 km2 avec de nombreux « étages écologiques ») ne tombent pas à cause d’adversités climatiques, mais à cause de l&#8217;épuisement de leur modèle politique, ce que nous avons pu facilement démontrer avec les preuves que nous avons publiées en temps opportun.</p>
<p>C&#8217;est là la différence fondamentale entre le culturalisme et l&#8217;archéologie sociale : pendant que pour les uns l&#8217;histoire dépend de la nature ou de l&#8217;homme, pour les autres l&#8217;histoire est un processus conditionné par le développement des forces productives.</p>
<p>Le post-processuel est justement une méthodologie que les archéologues sociaux doivent approfondir et diffuser, parce qu’elle se base sur les principes du matérialisme historique, même si cela terrorise pas mal d&#8217;académiciens européens, et si elle reste inconnue de leur majorité.</p>
<p>Il est à noter que, s&#8217;il y a un consensus entre les archéologues sociaux quant à leur fonction, il y a peu études qui ont atteint leur objectif.</p>
<p>Manuel Aguirre-Morales Prouvé, dans sa publication La Arqueología Social en Perú dit : « toutefois, on constate que si elle est bien acceptée par une partie des archéologues du Pérou, les travaux qui se sont approchés de la matérialisation de cette prétention sont pauvres et avares ».</p>
<p>Diego Vasquez Monterroso, dans Arqueología y Cosificación, dit à son tour que « dans mon opinion, dans l&#8217;archéologie du Guatemala c’est la première [la traditionnelle] qui s&#8217;est développée [ au Guatemala], en essayant d&#8217;être la deuxième [la sociale], même en partie. Simplement, parce que l&#8217;archéologie qui s&#8217;est développée au Guatemala n’a jamais pris en compte le contexte actuel de celui qui travaille&#8230; les archéologues, travaillent dans le passé, sans comprendre – sauf quelques exceptions – qu’ils doivent travailler avec le passé… »</p>
<p>Ultime et brillante conclusion : « l&#8217;archéologue pense être objectif et neutre, mais il tue ce passé et ne laisse uniquement qu’un artefact ancien ».</p>
<p>Si nous formulons l&#8217;énoncé que la science archéologique tente de comprendre les conduites humaines en partant des restes matériels de leur production sociale, l&#8217;archéologue a différentes manières d&#8217;approcher l&#8217;étude de ce passé, et comme nous avons dit ci-dessus, cela implique le choix du cadre théorique qui détermine les aspects méthodologiques et analytiques des sujets traités.</p>
<p>●</p>
<p>Comme nous l&#8217;avons noté au début, le Centre de Recherche et Diffusion Archéologique (en abrégé CEREDIAR), se constitue en 1999 en ayant par but de mener l&#8217;archéologie à la praxis de la transformation selon la XIème Thèse sur Feuerbach.</p>
<p>Depuis 2007, il est accrédité par le gouvernement français en tant qu&#8217;Organisation Non Gouvernementale [ONG] de la loi de 1901, et inscrit à la Préfecture de Seine-Saint-Denis sous le numéro W93-100-4235, en vue de mettre en pratique son triple objectif : avancer dans la théorie de l&#8217;archéologie sociale, la diffuser, et finalement la mettre en pratique dans ses chantiers de travail destinés à la transformation économique et sociale des peuples étudiés.</p>
<p>Ainsi, dans la fouille d&#8217;urgence des sites de San Blas et Miraflores en Bolivie, pour laquelle CEREDIAR a signé des accords avec l&#8217;Université Nationale de Tarija Juan Mijael Saracho et les institutions préfectorales boliviennes, pour « construire ce qui nous est propre dans un monde globalisé », cette praxis reprendra l&#8217;archéologie de la « stevia » précolombienne pour former une coopérative de production et aussi, en accord avec l&#8217;Université de Tarija, pour former deux doctorantes travaillant à la recherche d&#8217;une licence (ou « now how », savoir faire indépendant des royalties) sur la synthèse de cet édulcorant précolombien.</p>
<p>Les canaux d&#8217;irrigation précolombiens sont mis au jour, non seulement pour récolter de l&#8217;information, mais pour les réparer, les remettre au service des communautés indiennes et leur donner à nouveau de l&#8217;eau abondante et gratuite sans les compteurs payants des corporations multinationales.</p>
<p>Dans les permis accordés par l&#8217;Institut National de la Culture du Pérou, on ne part pas seulement du post-processuel pour mettre en évidence la gaffe théorique de George Stanish, car l&#8217;espace géographique, qui va de la limite culturelle Chiripa de Puerto Acosta en Bolivie à l&#8217;espace culturel Pukara au Pérou, est suffisamment étendu pour supposer l&#8217;existence d&#8217;un groupe humain différencié et mettre ainsi en relief le Centre Cérémonial de Junipe (inconnu jusqu&#8217;au chantier de Cerediar) dans la Province de Moho sur la bordure orientale du lac Titicaca, mais aussi pour préparer les projets et accords nécessaires avec la Mairie de Moho pour insérer le site archéologique de Merkemarka à la réalité historique actuelle.</p>
<p>Dans ses études africaines, CEREDIAR étudie la néolithisation de la rive nord du fleuve Sénégal, pendant qu’il modernise le dispensaire périphérique de Kaédi en Mauritanie, simplement parce que l&#8217;ethnie Peulh, héritière de cette néolithisation, est victime d&#8217;un génocide brutal reconnu par le Haut Commissaire des Nations Unis, et ne dispose même pas d’un dispensaire en état.</p>
<p>Pendant que CEREDIAR passe des accords avec l&#8217;Université Nationale de Bamako pour prospecter la même néolithisation sur les berges du fleuve Sénégal, il signe avec les autorités de Batama des actions pour la transformation et la modernisation de ses structures agricoles, sanitaires et d&#8217;éducation.</p>
<p>Au Burkina Faso, CEREDIAR étudie le parcours historique des Mossis, pendant que sur la Route National 2 de Ougahigouya au Pays Dogon dans la Province de Yatenga, il signe des accords avec la population de Lougouri pour insérer ses ethnies dans un Tout relié à la Nation moderne.</p>
<p>Aujourd&#8217;hui l’ONG CEREDIAR n’est pas seulement reconnue légalement comme ONG des Droits de l&#8217;Homme par le gouvernement français, mais crée des agences de recherche scientifique ou la théorie est menée à la praxis, en Argentine, Bolivie, Pérou, Colombie, Panama, Mexique (le groupe de recherche en ethnomusicologie), Italie, Espagne, Mauritanie, Mali, Burkina Faso, et prochainement au Sénégal, au Cameroun et au Gabon.</p>
<p>Dans tous les cas d&#8217;intervention, l’ONG CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DIFFUSION ARCHÉOLOGIQUE ou CEREDIAR, travaille selon les principes de la Théorie de l&#8217;Archéologie Sociale, dite aussi Arqueologia Social Latinoaméricaina ou ASL. Et ses interprétations sur le développement historique des peuples, la mènent à la praxis par des programmes de développement économique et social, où « ce qui nous est propre, se met en route pour s&#8217;opposer alternativement au global ».</p>
<p>●</p>
<p>BIBLIOGRAPHIE</p>
<p>AGUIRRE-MORALES PROUVE Manuel<br />
2001  La Arqueología Social en Perú<br />
Thèse de Maîtrise Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona</p>
<p>ALTHUSSER Louis<br />
1969  Lénine et la Philosophie<br />
Conférence du 24 février 1969 à la Société Française de Philosophie.<br />
Edité en espagnol par Serie Popular Era (Censuré sur le site internet de la Société).</p>
<p>BATE Luis<br />
1996   El proceso de investigación en Arqueología<br />
Dpto de Prehistoria y Arqueología.<br />
Universidad de Sevilla. España. 1996<br />
Thèse doctorale sous le titre: Una posición teórica en Arqueología.<br />
Editorial Crítica. Barcelona 1998.</p>
<p>ENGELS Friedrich<br />
1888  Luwdig Feuerbach et la fin de la Philosophie Classique Allemande</p>
<p>LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL Ernest-Emile<br />
2003  Tiwanaku &#8211; Protocolo de Investigacoin sobre el Altiplano boliviano<br />
Cerediar Org &#8211;  Circolo Amerindiano Università di Perugia &#8211; Italia<br />
2004 The Province of Moho<br />
[Texte anglais pour la Society for American Archaeology]<br />
Cerediar Org<br />
2007 Archéologie et Pseudo-archéologie<br />
Communication à l’AFIS Association Française pour l&#8217;Information Scientifique<br />
Magazine Science et Pseudo-science</p>
<p>LOPEZ-SANSON de LONGVAL Ernest-Emile et al<br />
2008 Protocole Kaedi<br />
Cerediar Org</p>
<p>LUMBRERAS Luís Guillermo<br />
1974  La arqueología como ciencia social<br />
Editions Histar</p>
<p>LENIN Vladimir Illich Ulianov<br />
1908  Matérialisme y Empiriocriticisme</p>
<p>MARX Karl<br />
1845  L&#8217;idéologie  Allemande<br />
1852  Le 18 Brumaire de Louis Bonaparte</p>
<p>SARTRE Jean-Paul<br />
1960  Critique de la Raison Dialectique<br />
Losada</p>
<p>SEVE Lucien<br />
1969  Marxisme et Théorie de la Personnalité<br />
Editions sociales</p>
<p>VASQUEZ MONTERROSO Diego<br />
2007  Arqueología y Cosificación<br />
Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales<br />
Section Arqueología, etnohistoria, historia</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2009/04/53-congres-international-damericanistes/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>THE PROVINCE OF MOHO IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY ARROUND DE LAKE TITICACA</title>
		<link>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2008/04/the-province-of-moho-in-the-archaeology-arround-de-lake-titicaca/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2008/04/the-province-of-moho-in-the-archaeology-arround-de-lake-titicaca/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Apr 2008 23:11:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erlosan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General @fr @en]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[altiplano]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Moho]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cerediar.info/?p=18</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Province of Moho 
    Publish at Scribd or explore others:                moho              puno      	
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a title="View The Province of Moho on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/14695007/The-Province-of-Moho" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">The Province of Moho</a> <object codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" id="doc_9731474051610" name="doc_9731474051610" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" align="middle"	height="500" width="100%" ><param name="movie"	value="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=14695007&#038;access_key=key-27p0d1ho8n0s4ghly7a1&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode="><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="play" value="true"><param name="loop" value="true"><param name="scale" value="showall"><param name="wmode" value="opaque"><param name="devicefont" value="false"><param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"><param name="menu" value="true"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="salign" value=""><embed src="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=14695007&#038;access_key=key-27p0d1ho8n0s4ghly7a1&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode=" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" play="true" loop="true" scale="showall" wmode="opaque" devicefont="false" bgcolor="#ffffff" name="doc_9731474051610_object" menu="true" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" salign="" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" align="middle"  height="500" width="100%"></embed></object>
<div style="margin: 6px auto 3px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;">    <a href="http://www.scribd.com/upload" style="text-decoration: underline;">Publish at Scribd</a> or <a href="http://www.scribd.com/browse" style="text-decoration: underline;">explore</a> others:                <a href="http://www.scribd.com/tag/moho" style="text-decoration: underline;">moho</a>              <a href="http://www.scribd.com/tag/puno" style="text-decoration: underline;">puno</a>      	</div>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2008/04/the-province-of-moho-in-the-archaeology-arround-de-lake-titicaca/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>LA PROVINCIA DE MOHO EN LA ARQUEOLOGIA CIRCUNLACUSTRE DEL TITICACA</title>
		<link>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2008/04/la-provincia-de-moho-en-la-arqueologia-circunlacustre-del-titicaca/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2008/04/la-provincia-de-moho-en-la-arqueologia-circunlacustre-del-titicaca/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Apr 2008 23:08:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erlosan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[altiplano]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Moho]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cerediar.info/?p=16</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[La Provincia de Moho 
    Publish at Scribd or explore others:            Humanities              Research                [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a title="View La Provincia de Moho on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/14694785/La-Provincia-de-Moho" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">La Provincia de Moho</a> <object codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" id="doc_406360081454792" name="doc_406360081454792" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" align="middle"	height="500" width="100%" ><param name="movie"	value="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=14694785&#038;access_key=key-1yb711bmfkd75cq3xmcy&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode="><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="play" value="true"><param name="loop" value="true"><param name="scale" value="showall"><param name="wmode" value="opaque"><param name="devicefont" value="false"><param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"><param name="menu" value="true"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="salign" value=""><embed src="http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=14694785&#038;access_key=key-1yb711bmfkd75cq3xmcy&#038;page=1&#038;version=1&#038;viewMode=" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" play="true" loop="true" scale="showall" wmode="opaque" devicefont="false" bgcolor="#ffffff" name="doc_406360081454792_object" menu="true" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" salign="" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" align="middle"  height="500" width="100%"></embed></object>
<div style="margin: 6px auto 3px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;">    <a href="http://www.scribd.com/upload" style="text-decoration: underline;">Publish at Scribd</a> or <a href="http://www.scribd.com/browse" style="text-decoration: underline;">explore</a> others:            <a href="http://www.scribd.com/explore/Research/Humanities" style="text-decoration: underline;">Humanities</a>              <a href="http://www.scribd.com/explore/Research/" style="text-decoration: underline;">Research</a>                  <a href="http://www.scribd.com/tag/moho" style="text-decoration: underline;">moho</a>              <a href="http://www.scribd.com/tag/puno" style="text-decoration: underline;">puno</a>      	</div>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.cerediar.info/index.php/2008/04/la-provincia-de-moho-en-la-arqueologia-circunlacustre-del-titicaca/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
